GAMBARAN KADAR LDL PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE

Abstract

Menopause or the cessation of menstruation can be interpreted as a process of transition from a productive to a non-productive period, caused by a decrease in the levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries. Menopausal phase is the final phase of the menstrual cycle. A drastic decrease in the hormone estrogen in the ovaries will affect the cardiovascular system, because the hormone estrogen, which consists of estriol, estrone and estradiol, also has broad physiological effects outside the reproductive system. Oestradiol is the major component of estrogen and has the strongest estrogenic effect. The hormone estradiol that is reduced or lost can cause a decrease in body organ function and a decrease in body metabolism, such as lipid metabolism. Estrogen can also prevent deposition in the blood vessels by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. LDL or known as bad fat is known to more easily penetrate the plaque in the artery walls of blood vessels when oxidized. The role of estrogen as an antioxidant is to prevent the oxidation of LDL, so that the ability of LDL to penetrate plaque is reduced. This study is a systematic review designed descriptively, aiming to get an overview of LDL levels in postmenopausal women through studies and reviews of 4 articles. The search for articles is carried out in the googlescholar database. Based on the results of a review of articles written by Sumoked, et al (2016), Rahmawaty (2016), and Nurfathin Fadhilah (2021), it was found that there were similarities in the increase in LDL levels in postmenopausal women; while Rizki A.D Setianingrum's research (2018) states that the number of respondents with increased LDL levels is less than those with normal LDL levels, which is caused by factors of good food consumption and physical activity.